Accéssibilité et intéropérabilité au cœur du numérique
Une inspiration majeure des principes FAIR : le 5-Star Open Data proné par Tim-Berners Lee, mis en forme par Michael Hausenblas sur ce site : http://5stardata.info/fr/(Hausenblas, 2012).
Les étapes 5-Star OpenData
Illustration des étapes 5-Star OpenData
étoiles
étape
★
Publiez vos données sur le Web (peu importe leur format) avec une licence ouverte
★★
Publiez-les en tant que données structurées (par exemple, un document Excel au lieu d’une image scannée d’un tableau)
★★★
Publiez-les dans un format ouvert et non-propriétaire (par exemple, un CSV plutôt qu’un Excel)
★★★★
Utilisez des URI pour désigner des choses dans vos données, afin que les gens puissent faire des références à celles-ci
★★★★★
liez vos données à d’autres données pour y ajouter du contexte
FAIR Guiding Principles
D’après l’article de référence The FAIR Guiding Principles for Scientific Data Management and Stewardship(Wilkinson et al., 2016)
The principles refer to three types of entities: data (or any digital object), metadata (information about that digital object), and infrastructure. For instance, principle F4 defines that both metadata and data are registered or indexed in a searchable resource (the infrastructure component).
The first step in (re)using data is to find them. Metadata and data should be easy to find for both humans and computers. Machine-readable metadata are essential for automatic discovery of datasets and services, so this is an essential component of the FAIRification process.
The data usually need to be integrated with other data. In addition, the data need to interoperate with applications or workflows for analysis, storage, and processing.
The ultimate goal of FAIR is to optimise the reuse of data. To achieve this, metadata and data should be well-described so that they can be replicated and/or combined in different settings.
Hausenblas, Michael. Open Data 5 étoiles. 2012. En ligne : http://5stardata.info/fr/ [consulté le 17 novembre 2024].
Wilkinson, Mark D., Michel Dumontier, IJsbrand Jan Aalbersberg, et al. « The FAIR Guiding Principles for scientific data management and stewardship », Scientific Data. 15 mars 2016, vol.3 nᵒ 1. p. 160018. En ligne : https://www.nature.com/articles/sdata201618 [consulté le 17 novembre 2024].
Code source
---image: IMG/GOFAIR-logo-png-1-768x511.png---# Utiliser et produire des données FAIR## Accéssibilité et intéropérabilité au cœur du numérique- Une inspiration majeure des principes FAIR : le *5-Star Open Data* proné par Tim-Berners Lee, mis en forme par Michael Hausenblas sur ce site : <http://5stardata.info/fr/>[@hausenblasOpenData52012]. ::: {.callout-tip collapse="true"} ## Les étapes *5-Star OpenData* | étoiles | étape | |------------------------------------|------------------------------------| | ★ | Publiez vos données sur le Web (peu importe leur format) avec une licence ouverte | | ★★ | Publiez-les en tant que données structurées (par exemple, un document Excel au lieu d’une image scannée d’un tableau) | | ★★★ | Publiez-les dans un format ouvert et non-propriétaire (par exemple, un CSV plutôt qu’un Excel) | | ★★★★ | Utilisez des URI pour désigner des choses dans vos données, afin que les gens puissent faire des références à celles-ci | | ★★★★★ | liez vos données à d’autres données pour y ajouter du contexte | : Illustration des étapes *5-Star OpenData* {.striped tbl-colwidths="\[20,80\]"} :::### FAIR Guiding PrinciplesD'après l'article de référence *The FAIR Guiding Principles for Scientific Data Management and Stewardship* [@wilkinsonFAIRGuidingPrinciples2016b]Mis en items sur ce [site web](https://www.go-fair.org/fair-principles/) :{fig-align="center" width="180"}> *The principles refer to three types of entities: **data** (or any digital object), **metadata** (information about that digital object), and **infrastructure**. For instance, principle [F4](https://www.go-fair.org/fair-principles/f4-metadata-registered-indexed-searchable-resource/) defines that both metadata and data are registered or indexed in a searchable resource (the infrastructure component).*::: panel-tabset## Findable*The first step in (re)using data is to find them. Metadata and data should be easy to find for both humans and computers. Machine-readable metadata are essential for automatic discovery of datasets and services, so this is an essential component of the [FAIRification process](https://www.go-fair.org/fair-principles/fairification-process/)*.- [**F1**. (Meta)data are assigned a globally unique and **persistent identifier**](https://www.go-fair.org/fair-principles/fair-data-principles-explained/f1-meta-data-assigned-globally-unique-persistent-identifiers/)- [**F2**. Data are described with **rich metadata** (defined by R1 below)](https://www.go-fair.org/fair-principles/fair-data-principles-explained/f2-data-described-rich-metadata/)- [**F3**. Metadata clearly and explicitly include the identifier of the data they describe](https://www.go-fair.org/fair-principles/f3-metadata-clearly-explicitly-include-identifier-data-describe/)- [**F4**. (Meta)data are registered or indexed in a searchable resource](https://www.go-fair.org/fair-principles/f4-metadata-registered-indexed-searchable-resource/)## Accessible*Once the user finds the required data, she/he/they need to know how can they be accessed, possibly including authentication and authorisation.*- [**A1**. (Meta)data are retrievable by their identifier using a standardised communications protocol](https://www.go-fair.org/fair-principles/542-2/) - [**A1.1** The protocol is open, free, and universally implementable](https://www.go-fair.org/fair-principles/a1-1-protocol-open-free-universally-implementable/) - [**A1.2** The protocol allows for an authentication and authorisation procedure, where necessary](https://www.go-fair.org/fair-principles/a1-2-protocol-allows-authentication-authorisation-required/)- [**A2**. Metadata are accessible, even when the data are no longer available](https://www.go-fair.org/fair-principles/a2-metadata-accessible-even-data-no-longer-available/)## Interoperable*The data usually need to be integrated with other data. In addition, the data need to interoperate with applications or workflows for analysis, storage, and processing.*- [**I1**. (Meta)data use a formal, accessible, shared, and broadly applicable language for knowledge representation.](https://www.go-fair.org/fair-principles/i1-metadata-use-formal-accessible-shared-broadly-applicable-language-knowledge-representation/)- [**I2**. (Meta)data use vocabularies that follow FAIR principles](https://www.go-fair.org/fair-principles/i2-metadata-use-vocabularies-follow-fair-principles/)- [**I3**. (Meta)data include qualified references to other (meta)data](https://www.go-fair.org/fair-principles/i3-metadata-include-qualified-references-metadata/)## Reusable*The ultimate goal of FAIR is to optimise the reuse of data. To achieve this, metadata and data should be well-described so that they can be replicated and/or combined in different settings.*- [**R1**. (Meta)data are richly described with a plurality of accurate and relevant attributes](https://www.go-fair.org/fair-principles/r1-metadata-richly-described-plurality-accurate-relevant-attributes/) - [**R1.1**. (Meta)data are released with a clear and accessible data usage license](https://www.go-fair.org/fair-principles/r1-1-metadata-released-clear-accessible-data-usage-license/) - [**R1.2**. (Meta)data are associated with detailed provenance](https://www.go-fair.org/fair-principles/r1-2-metadata-associated-detailed-provenance/) - [**R1.3**. (Meta)data meet domain-relevant community standards](https://www.go-fair.org/fair-principles/r1-3-metadata-meet-domain-relevant-community-standards/):::## Isidore- <https://isidore.science>### Human-IDVoir @sec-humanid